Sceptridium rugulosum has broadly triangular leaves with width greater than 10 cm broad and born near the ground. The pinnules are mostly acute in shape and the terminal portion is usually not fully divided. See a discussion of similar species under S. multifidum.

S. rugulosum has a limited distribution, ranging from eastern Minnesota through Wisconsin and Michigan to Vermont and Ontario. The status of this species in Wisconsin is not yet clear, but it appears to be rare and has received "special concern" status. A few records have been reported from the central and northeastern parts of the state. The identity of some of the reports from the northwestern counties may be in question. Habitat includes fields, clearings and young forests.