Gary Fewless

Key to the Ferns

58. Margins of ultimate blade segments entire; blades pinnate-pinnatifid.
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58. Margins of ultimate blade segments toothed, or at least crenulate; blades bipinnate or further divided, except for the uncommon Cystopteris protrusa, which may be pinnate-pinnatifid, but the
ultimate segments are clearly toothed. This path in the key leads to Cystopteris, several species of which are very difficult to identify with confidence. The following characters are closely modeled on the Flora of North America, Vol 2.
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